Until recently, Roger Cunningham was known as The Ethical Skeptic.
The Ethical Skeptic
As an aside, I'd spell it 'sceptic' — the British way — but he's American and uses a 'k'.
Basically, he argues:
- the pyramids are far older than mainstream Egyptology claims,
- were built by a lost civilisation using advanced water-based machinery,
- show clear physical evidence of being submerged under hundreds of feet of ocean water, and
- were likely built as devices to monitor or warn against catastrophic pole-shift events — not as tombs.
— Roger Cunningham
I've had a few related conversations, all very interesting and worth listening to, which can be found under the pyramids tag.
'The pyramids are far older than mainstream Egyptology claims.'
I am no longer persuaded by the mainstream version of how the pyramids were built. For clarity, what I was taught in school goes something like this:
❌ The mainstream argument
- The Great Pyramid was built as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops), who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty (2589–2566 BC). It was constructed over roughly 20–26 years.
- Not slaves, as the old story went, but tens of thousands of skilled labourers who camped near the site and worked for a salary or as a form of tax payment (corvée).
- Around 2.3 million limestone blocks, averaging 2.5 metric tonnes each, were quarried nearby, hauled on wooden sledges over sand, and raised into place using large ramps. They used copper chisels and stone tools for everything.
Nah.
It doesn't make sense
- 2.3 million blocks over 20 years works out to roughly one block every five minutes, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for two decades — and that's with no days off, no mistakes, no bad weather, no supply chain hiccups, and no time for the increasingly complex upper courses.
- That's 315 blocks per day, every day. Each one has to be quarried, shaped, transported across the plateau, hauled up the growing structure, and placed with millimetre precision — using copper tools and ropes.
- The blocks aren't uniform. As the pyramid rises, blocks get smaller but placement gets harder and the logistics of lifting anything to height with ramps becomes a nightmare.
— Roger Cunningham
And that completely ignores the precision of everything. I mean, they did all of that with a hammer and chisel?
I find Roger's arguments far more compelling.
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Jerm
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— Roger Cunningham
